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peripeteia
This term is primarily used in literary criticism and dramatic theory, specifically within the context of Aristotelian tragedy. It describes a pivotal turning point where the protagonist's situation changes drastically, typically moving from prosperity to misery. Because of its specialized academic nature, it is rarely used in casual conversation and is instead reserved for formal analysis of plot structures.
While a general "twist" in a story can be any unexpected event, a peripeteia specifically implies a reversal of fortune that is often logically linked to the character's own actions or a fatal flaw. It serves as the catalyst that accelerates the narrative toward the catastrophe.