Czochralski
Từ liên quan
crystalsiliconsemiconductorgrowthwaferingotmeltcrucibleseedcrystallizationmonocrystallinepolycrystallinedopingimpuritylatticeepitaxymetallurgythermodynamicstemperaturegradientconvectionrotationdiameterorientationpolishinggermaniumgalliumarsenicphosphorusboronelectronictransistordiodeintegrated circuitmicrochipphysicschemistrymaterial sciencesolidificationliquidussolidusphaseequilibriumdiffusionviscositysurface tensionmeniscusquartzgraphitevacuuminert gasargonnitrogenheat exchangerinductionfurnacethermalconductivityrefractorysingle crystal