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effective mass
This term is a specialized concept in solid-state physics and semiconductor theory. It describes how a particle behaves as if it has a different mass because it is interacting with the periodic potential of a crystal lattice, rather than moving in a vacuum. It is a simplification that allows physicists to use classical equations of motion for particles in complex quantum environments.
Because it is a calculated property based on the curvature of energy bands, the value can be positive, negative, or even vary depending on the direction of movement within the crystal. It is strictly a technical term used in academic and engineering contexts and has no application in general daily conversation.
Ý nghĩa
Ví dụ
The effective mass of an electron in gallium arsenide is much smaller than in silicon.
I wonder if the effective mass changes significantly under high pressure.
Calculate the effective mass using the curvature of the energy band.
The hole has a larger effective mass than the electron in this material.
Wait, does the effective mass depend on the direction of movement in this crystal?
The mobility of the charge carriers is inversely proportional to their effective mass.
He noted that the effective mass can even become negative near the zone boundary.
The effective mass tensor describes the anisotropy of the crystal lattice.