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facultative
This term is primarily used in scientific and biological contexts to describe organisms or processes that are flexible. It denotes a capacity for adaptation where a specific state is possible but not mandatory for survival. In microbiology, it is most frequently paired with anaerobe to describe organisms that can switch between aerobic and anaerobic respiration depending on oxygen availability.
In a broader behavioral or physiological sense, it describes actions that are voluntary or optional rather than reflexive or genetically predetermined. It stands in direct opposition to obligate, which describes a requirement that is absolute and non-negotiable. Because of its technical nature, the word is rarely used in casual conversation and is typically reserved for academic, medical, or research-oriented registers.
Ý nghĩa
Occurring optionally in response to particular circumstances rather than being an obligatory or innate characteristic.
Ví dụ
Some bacteria are facultative anaerobes and can survive with or without oxygen.
The course includes a facultative module for students interested in advanced ethics.
Is this part of the procedure mandatory or facultative?
The organism exhibits a facultative response to the sudden change in temperature.
I wonder if the legal clause is facultative or if it must be executed.
Certain species have a facultative ability to enter dormancy during droughts.
The movement is facultative rather than a reflex action.
He decided to take the facultative path to explore the ruins on his own.