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mildew
Mildew evokes a sense of neglected dampness and stale air. It is specifically associated with surfaces—walls, fabrics, or plant leaves—rather than deep rot. The mental image is one of thin, powdery, white or greyish patches that feel superficial but unpleasant. Compared to "mold," which often implies a deeper, more destructive penetration (like black mold in drywall), mildew is perceived as a surface-level nuisance caused by poor ventilation and humidity. In a practical context, it carries a negative connotation of uncleanliness or decay. When used as a verb, it suggests a slow, creeping process of degradation due to moisture.
Uncountable when referring to the general fungal growth covering a surface ('The bathroom is full of mildew'). Countable when referring to specific types or species of fungi ('Different mildews affect different crops').
Meanings
A superficial fungus with a white or greyish powdery appearance, typically found on damp surfaces or plants.
"The damp walls of the basement were covered in patches of mildew."