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who
This pronoun functions primarily as an interrogative or relative marker specifically reserved for human beings or entities personified as humans. In formal writing, a strict distinction is maintained between "who" (the subject of a verb) and "whom" (the object of a verb or preposition), though in casual spoken English, "who" frequently replaces "whom" in all positions.
When used as a relative pronoun, it initiates a clause that defines or describes a person. It is essential to ensure the antecedent is a person; using "who" for inanimate objects is generally considered a grammatical error in standard English, where "which" or "that" would be the appropriate choice.