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reformed
This term carries a strong moral weight when applied to individuals, implying a complete transformation of character rather than a simple change in behavior. It suggests a conscious decision to leave a deviant past behind, often associated with redemption or spiritual awakening. In this personal context, it is frequently used as an attributive adjective to describe someone's current state in relation to their former identity, such as a reformed alcoholic.
When applied to systems or institutions, the word shifts from a moral tone to a functional one, denoting structural improvement or the correction of systemic flaws. In a religious context, the word is often capitalized as Reformed when referring specifically to the theological tradition stemming from the Protestant Reformation, distinguishing it from the general act of reforming a system.
Meanings
Examples
彼女はかつての派手な生活を改め、今は週末を読書に費やしている。
教授はジュネーヴにおける改革派神学の影響について講義した。