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sulcus
This term is primarily used in medical and biological contexts to describe a physical indentation or valley. In neurology, it specifically refers to the folds of the cerebral cortex, where it pairs with the gyrus (the ridge) to increase the surface area of the brain. It carries a clinical, precise connotation and is rarely used outside of anatomical descriptions.
Because it is derived from Latin, the word follows a specific irregular pluralization pattern. Instead of adding a standard English s, the ending changes to i to form the plural sulci, a common trait among Latin-based anatomical terms.
Meanings
Examples
The lateral sulcus is a prominent landmark in the temporal lobe.
Look closely at the scan to identify the depth of the sulcus.
The coronary sulcus encircles the heart and separates the atria from the ventricles.
I wonder if this specific sulcus is wider than average in this specimen.
The surgeon carefully avoided damaging the vessels within the sulcus.
Each sulcus on the cerebral cortex increases the overall surface area of the brain.
The patient shows an unusual narrowing of the calcarine sulcus.
We need to map every major sulcus to understand the functional anatomy.