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paralogue
This term is used exclusively within the fields of genetics and evolutionary biology to describe the result of a gene duplication event. It carries a neutral, technical connotation and is used to distinguish genes that evolved within the same species from orthologues, which are genes in different species that evolved from a common ancestral gene.
Because it describes a specific biological entity, it is used in highly formal academic and scientific registers. It is rarely encountered outside of genomic research or molecular biology textbooks.