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mangonel
This term refers specifically to a torsion-powered siege engine, distinguishing it from the trebuchet, which relies on a counterweight system. While both are categorized as catapults in general conversation, the mangonel is characterized by its lower trajectory and the use of a twisted rope or sinew bundle to generate power.
In modern usage, the word is almost exclusively found in historical texts, archaeological reports, or fantasy settings. It carries a connotation of medieval warfare and brute mechanical force, typically associated with the destruction of fortifications rather than precision targeting.