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afraid
This adjective describes a state of fear or apprehension, ranging from intense terror to mild hesitation. It is primarily a predicative adjective, meaning it typically follows a linking verb like be or feel and cannot be used directly before a noun. For instance, one says "the boy is afraid" rather than "the afraid boy."
In social interactions, the word functions as a polite hedge to soften the impact of negative information or a refusal. This usage shifts the meaning from genuine fear to a formal expression of regret, allowing the speaker to maintain courtesy while delivering disappointing news.
Meanings
Examples
She is afraid of spiders.
彼女はクモを怖がっている。