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vertical integration

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horizontal integration outsourcing disintegration supply chain production distribution manufacturing upstream downstream monopoly oligopoly synergy efficiency cost control logistics procurement retail wholesale raw material component assembly vendor supplier distributor intermediary middleman ownership merger acquisition conglomerate strategy corporate management operation value chain optimization margin profit revenue market share competition barrier to entry economy of scale resource inventory warehouse transportation quality control standardization diversification specialization insourcing offshoring onshoring infrastructure pipeline ecosystem integration hierarchy streamlining bottleneck lead time capacity utilization asset capital investment portfolio governance market power

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