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second messenger
This term is a specialized technical expression used almost exclusively in biochemistry and cell biology. It describes the internal signaling relay system of a cell, where the second messenger acts as the intermediary between an extracellular signal (the first messenger) and the final intracellular effect.
Because it refers to a specific biological mechanism, it is used in a formal, scientific register. It is rarely used metaphorically outside of biological contexts. While it functions as a compound noun, it follows standard English countability rules for physical molecules.