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phenocryst
This term is used exclusively within the specialized field of geology and petrology. It describes a specific textural relationship in igneous rocks where crystals of different sizes coexist, specifically highlighting the larger crystals that grew slowly before the rest of the magma solidified.
In a technical context, it is often contrasted with the groundmass or matrix, which consists of the smaller crystals or glass surrounding the phenocrysts. The presence of these crystals provides geologists with critical data regarding the cooling history and magma chamber dynamics of a volcanic event.
Meanings
Examples
The geologist pointed to a large olivine phenocryst in the rock sample.
Look at this specimen and tell me which mineral is the phenocryst.
A single phenocryst can provide clues about the cooling history of the magma.
The porphyritic texture is characterized by large phenocrysts in a fine matrix.
I wonder if this quartz phenocryst formed deep in the crust.
The sample is dominated by plagioclase phenocrysts.
The sample is dominated by plagioclase phenocrysts.
These phenocrysts grew slowly before the eruption occurred.
Is that a hornblende phenocryst or just a random inclusion?