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normal fault
This term is a technical geological descriptor used to identify a specific type of dip-slip fault. It is characterized by the downward movement of the hanging wall, which indicates that the crust is being pulled apart by extensional forces. This distinguishes it from a reverse fault, where the hanging wall moves upward due to compressional forces.
In professional geological reports, the term is used with high precision to describe the structural architecture of rift valleys and mid-ocean ridges. It is rarely used in casual conversation unless referring to the specific mechanical behavior of tectonic plates.
Meanings
Examples
The region is characterized by a series of normal faults caused by the stretching of the crust.
Look at this outcrop and you can clearly see the normal fault where the hanging wall has dropped.
A normal fault typically occurs in areas where tectonic plates are pulling apart.
I wonder if this valley was formed by a large normal fault system.
The geologist pointed to the map to show where the normal fault intersects the river.
Extensional stress in the Earths crust leads to the creation of a normal fault.
Is a normal fault more common in rift valleys than in mountain ranges?
The seismic data suggests that the earthquake was triggered by a normal fault.