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fossilize
The literal meaning refers to the geological process where organic matter is replaced by minerals. This is a neutral, scientific term used in paleontology and geology.
Metaphorically, "fossilize" describes a state of stagnation. It carries a strong negative connotation, suggesting that something—such as a belief, a social system, or a habit—has become so rigid and outdated that it can no longer adapt to new information or circumstances. It implies a loss of vitality and flexibility.
In linguistics, "fossilization" refers to a specific phenomenon where a language learner's errors become permanent and resistant to correction, regardless of further instruction. This is a technical usage distinct from the general metaphorical sense of being "old-fashioned."
Meanings
Examples
Over millions of years, the minerals in the soil fossilized the ancient ferns.
The dinosaur bones fossilized under intense pressure deep underground.
I hope my thinking does not fossilize as I get older.
The company culture has fossilized and no longer accepts new ideas.
If we do not update the curriculum, the teaching methods will simply fossilize.
Look at this specimen where the prehistoric shell has completely fossilized.
Look at this specimen where the prehistoric shell has completely fossilized.
Their relationship had fossilized into a routine of silence and indifference.
Their relationship had fossilized into a routine of silence and indifference.
The law has fossilized and is no longer applicable to modern society.