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ergative
This term is a specialized linguistic descriptor used to categorize how languages mark the relationship between subjects and objects. It describes a specific alignment where the subject of an intransitive verb is grouped with the object of a transitive verb, rather than with the subject of a transitive verb. This is the opposite of the nominative-accusative system found in English.
When used as a noun, it refers to the language itself. Because it describes a specific typological category of language, it is used primarily in academic, grammatical, or anthropological contexts. It is rarely encountered in general conversation and carries a neutral, technical connotation.
Meanings
Relating to or denoting a language in which the subject of an intransitive verb is treated the same as the object of a transitive verb.
A language that uses ergative-absolutive alignment rather than nominative-accusative alignment.
While English is a nominative-accusative language, Basque is a well-known ergative.
Examples
Basque is a well known example of an ergative language.
The professor explained how ergative case marking differs from the nominative system.
I wonder if this dialect is truly ergative or if it just shows split ergativity.
Is the subject of an intransitive verb treated as an absolutive in an ergative system?
Is the subject of an intransitive verb treated as an absolutive in an ergative system?
Many Mayan languages are classified as ergative.
Many Mayan languages are classified as ergative.
The researcher noted that the language is predominantly ergative in its morphology.
The researcher noted that the language is predominantly ergative in its morphology.
Wait, so the agent of a transitive verb gets a special marker in an ergative language?
The textbook describes the ergative alignment as a rare but fascinating feature of human speech.