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varve
This term is a specialized geological descriptor used primarily in glaciology and sedimentology. It describes a rhythmic layering process where seasonal changes in water flow and temperature create a couplet of sediment; typically, a coarser layer forms during the summer melt and a finer clay layer settles during the winter freeze.
Because varves function as natural calendars, they are used in varve chronology to provide high-resolution dating of glacial retreats. The word is used almost exclusively in scientific or academic contexts and is rarely encountered in general conversation.