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arduously
This adverb describes an action performed with extreme difficulty and persistent effort. It carries a heavy, laborious connotation, suggesting that the task is not only hard but physically or mentally draining over a prolonged period. It is typically used in formal or literary contexts to emphasize the grueling nature of a struggle.
Because it modifies the manner of an action, it is often paired with verbs of movement or intellectual labor, such as climbing, working, or striving. It differs from "hard" in its intensity and formality; while "working hard" is common in daily speech, "working arduously" implies a level of exertion that borders on the exhaustive.
Meanings
Examples
The climbers ascended the steep peak arduously during the blizzard.
I have worked arduously for months to finish this research paper.
He breathed arduously as he dragged the heavy crate across the floor.
The monks spent years arduously copying ancient texts by hand.
We must strive arduously to reach our quarterly targets by Friday.
She fought arduously to maintain her balance on the icy path.
I can see how arduously you have trained for this competition.
The knight pushed arduously through the thick mud of the battlefield.