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reference electrode
This term is a technical specification used primarily in electrochemistry and analytical chemistry. It describes a component that provides a stable, invariant potential, acting as a "benchmark" or "zero point" against which the potential of a working electrode is measured. Without a reference electrode, it would be impossible to determine the absolute potential of a single electrode in a cell.
In laboratory settings, the term is used with high precision. Common types include the saturated calomel electrode (SCE) and the silver/silver chloride electrode (Ag/AgCl). It is distinct from a counter electrode, which is used to complete the circuit and carry the current, whereas the reference electrode is designed to maintain a constant potential without drawing significant current.
Meanings
An electrode with a stable and well-known electrochemical potential that serves as a constant point of comparison for measuring the potential of another working electrode in an electrochemical cell.
The saturated calomel electrode is a commonly used reference electrode in laboratory experiments.