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coprocessor
This term is primarily used in technical and computing contexts to describe hardware that offloads specific, computationally intensive tasks from the main CPU. It carries a connotation of efficiency and specialization, implying that the component is an assistant rather than a replacement for the primary processor.
In modern computing, the term is frequently applied to GPUs (Graphics Processing Units) or NPUs (Neural Processing Units). While it is a technical term, it is used across various registers from highly academic engineering papers to consumer-facing product specifications for laptops and smartphones.