sovkhoz

This term refers specifically to a state-owned agricultural enterprise, distinguishing it from a kolkhoz, which was a cooperative farm owned by the peasants. While both were pillars of Soviet agricultural policy, the sovkhoz functioned more like a government factory where workers were paid wages rather than sharing profits.

Because the term is tied to a specific historical and political system, it is primarily used in historical, political, or sociological contexts. It carries a connotation of centralized state control and bureaucratic management of land and labor.