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stiffen
This term describes a transition from flexibility to rigidity, whether through physical chemistry, biological reaction, or psychological state. When applied to materials, it suggests a deliberate process of reinforcement or a natural hardening process, such as concrete curing or fabric being treated with starch.
In a human context, the word captures a sudden, involuntary physical reaction to stress or shock, where the muscles lock up. It also extends to the mental realm, describing the act of hardening one's will or determination to resist pressure or fear.
Meanings
To make a fabric or material more rigid or firm, often by applying a chemical substance.
She used starch to stiffen the collar of the shirt.
To become rigid, firm, or less flexible, often due to cold, drying, or a physical reaction.
The wet clothes began to stiffen in the freezing air.
Phrasal Verbs
stiffen up
to become rigid or tense, often due to cold or emotional stress
His muscles began to stiffen up after the long flight.