sanction
This word is a rare auto-antonym, meaning it can express two opposite concepts depending on the context. In a positive sense, it functions as a stamp of legitimacy, conveying a feeling of authority, legality, and formal endorsement. It is often used in legal or ecclesiastical settings where a higher power grants a green light to an action. In a negative sense, it describes a tool of punishment or diplomatic pressure. This usage carries a heavy, restrictive tone, evoking images of frozen assets, trade embargoes, and isolation. The shift in meaning usually depends on whether the word describes granting a right or removing a privilege.
Countable when referring to a specific penalty or a particular act of approval (a sanction). Uncountable when referring to the general concept of official authorization.
Meanings
To give official permission or approval for an action.
"The government sanctioned the new building project."
To impose a penalty or restriction on a country or organization to force a change in behavior.
"The UN decided to sanction the regime for human rights violations."
An official permission or approval.
"The marriage had the sanction of the church."
A penalty or coercive measure intended to ensure compliance.
"Economic sanctions were applied to stop the illegal trade."
Examples
The city council sanctioned the construction of the new library.
The international community voted to sanction the rogue state.
The project proceeded only with the official sanction of the board.
The government imposed a trade sanction to curb inflation.
Phrasal Verbs
sanction off
to designate a specific area or resource for official approval or restricted use
The committee decided to sanction off a portion of the budget for emergency repairs.