damage
This word carries a heavy sense of permanent or semi-permanent loss. While "break" refers to a sudden separation or failure, "damage" suggests a degradation of quality or a reduction in value that might not render the object completely useless but leaves it scarred or impaired.
In legal contexts, the term shifts from physical destruction to financial restitution. The transition from the singular "damage" (harm) to the plural "damages" (money) is a critical distinction in professional and judicial environments, moving the concept from a physical state to a monetary transaction.
Uncountable when referring to the general state of harm or destruction. Countable in legal terms when referring to the specific monetary sums awarded in a lawsuit.
Meanings
To cause physical harm to something so that it is broken or spoiled.
The hail damaged the roof of the car.
To become harmed or impaired in function or quality.
The delicate fabric damages easily if washed in hot water.
Examples
The fire damaged the historic building beyond repair.
The internal components damage quickly when exposed to moisture.
The hurricane caused severe damage to the local infrastructure.
The plaintiff is seeking substantial damages for the breach of contract.
Phrasal Verbs
damage up
to spoil or ruin something completely
He damaged up the interior of the car during the move.