three-dimensional
This term describes physical objects that occupy space in three axes, creating a sense of volume and depth. It is frequently used in technical fields like geometry, physics, and digital rendering to distinguish spatial reality from flat, two-dimensional representations.
When applied to people or narratives, the term serves as a metaphor for psychological complexity. A three-dimensional character is one who possesses contradictory traits and a believable history, contrasting with "flat" or "cardboard" characters who serve only a single plot function.
Meanings
Possessing a depth of character, complexity, or realism that avoids being simplistic or one-sided.
The author created a three-dimensional protagonist with conflicting motives and a rich backstory.
Examples
Wow, this hologram looks completely three-dimensional.
The sculpture is a three-dimensional representation of a sound wave.
The VR headset provides a fully three-dimensional experience of the city.
The protagonist lacks depth and feels less than three-dimensional.