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The word "tenken" refers to a systematic check of machinery, equipment, or systems to ensure they are in proper working order and to prevent failure. It carries a strong nuance of maintenance and prevention.

It is distinct from "kakunin" (confirmation), which is a general term for verifying any piece of information. While "kakunin" can be as simple as checking a calendar, "tenken" implies a more structured process, often involving a checklist or a professional standard.

It also differs from "kensa" (inspection/test). "Kensa" is typically used when testing for a specific quality, a medical diagnosis, or checking if a product meets a strict legal or industrial standard (e.g., a health checkup or a quality control test). In contrast, "tenken" focuses on the operational status and the prevention of breakdown in existing equipment.

In professional settings, it is often used as a suru-verb ("tenken suru") or as part of compound nouns like "teiki tenken" (periodic inspection). It is a formal term used in business, engineering, and home maintenance.