考え

The word "kanga-e" is the nominalized form of the verb "kanga-eru" (to think). It is a versatile term that covers a broad spectrum of mental activities, ranging from the abstract process of thinking to a concrete plan of action.

When referring to an "opinion," "kanga-e" is generally more subjective and softer than "iken" (opinion). While "iken" often refers to a formal stance or a specific point of view in a debate, "kanga-e" encompasses a person's overall way of thinking or their personal belief system.

In the context of an "idea" or "plan," it refers to an intention or a conceptual approach to solving a problem. It is less about a sudden "spark" of inspiration (which would be "aidea") and more about a reasoned intention or a formulated plan.

Regarding the "process of thinking," it describes the mental effort spent analyzing or reflecting on a topic. It is used in both casual conversations and formal business settings, though in highly academic or philosophical contexts, the more formal term "shikou" (thought/cogitation) is preferred.