orthography

This term describes the standardized system of writing a language, encompassing not only spelling but also hyphenation, capitalization, and punctuation. It carries a technical, academic tone and is typically used in linguistic or pedagogical discussions rather than casual conversation. As an uncountable noun when referring to the general system of a language, it describes the abstract set of rules. However, it can be used as a countable noun when referring to specific, differing systems of writing across different historical periods or dialects.