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harmful

damaging / injurious

/ˈhɑːmfl̩/

Adjective
comp: more harmfulsup: most harmful

Describes something that causes damage, injury, or negative effects. It is a broad term that covers both physical trauma and abstract deterioration, such as psychological or social harm. Unlike "toxic" or "lethal," which imply chemical danger or death, "harmful" is more general. It focuses on the result of an action or substance rather than the mechanism of destruction. It often carries a cautionary or judgmental tone. In formal contexts (medical, legal, or environmental), it serves as a factual descriptor of risk. In casual conversation, it is frequently used to describe behaviors or habits that are detrimental to one's well-being.

💬Casual Conversation

🎬Sunday morning in the kitchen, David is trying a new health gadget.
Karen Smith

Seriously, are you still doing that detox thing? It's a load of rubbish.

Karen Smith
David Smith
David Smith

It's not harmful, Karen. Just optimizing my personal bandwidth.

💡
Karen expresses exasperation with David's latest wellness fad, dismissing it as 'a load of rubbish' (an idiom meaning nonsense or worthless). David, trying to sound sophisticated and tech-savvy, defends his activity by using the corporate buzzword 'optimizing my personal bandwidth' incorrectly, implying it's about self-improvement rather than a detrimental trend.

Meanings

Adjectivedamaging

Causing or capable of causing damage, injury, or adverse effects.

"The chemical fumes are harmful to the lungs."

Adjectiveinjurious

Having a negative influence on the development or well-being of someone or something.

"Spending too much time on social media can be harmful to a child's social skills."

Collocations & Compounds

harmful effects

negative consequences or impacts that cause damage or injury.

The study highlighted the harmful effects of smoking on lung health.

harmful substances

materials or chemicals that can cause damage to health or the environment.

Workers must be trained to handle harmful substances safely.

harmful pollution

contamination of the environment that causes damage.

The factory was fined for releasing harmful pollution into the river.

harmful radiation

energy emitted in the form of rays or particles that can cause damage.

Exposure to harmful radiation can increase the risk of cancer.

harmful impact

a damaging or detrimental effect.

The new policy had a harmful impact on small businesses.

Etymology

The word 'harmful' originates from the Old English word 'hermful', which itself derives from 'hyrm', meaning 'hurt' or 'injury'. The suffix '-ful' indicates 'full of' or 'characterized by'. Thus, 'harmful' literally means 'full of harm'. It entered common usage around the 14th century.

Related Words

Last Updated: June 11, 2026Report an Error