gall
When used to describe behavior, this word carries a strong negative connotation of arrogance and a lack of respect. It suggests a level of audacity that is offensive to others, often appearing in the phrase "have the gall to," which emphasizes the shock of the speaker at the other person's shamelessness. In its biological sense, the word refers to a bitter substance, which historically linked the physical taste of bitterness to the emotional state of resentment or anger. This connection persists in the verbal form, where feeling galled is akin to tasting something caustic or irritating.
Meanings
Bold, impudent, or shameless behavior.
"I cannot believe he had the gall to ask for a raise after being late every day this month."
The bitter liquid produced by the gallbladder, or the gallbladder itself.
"The ancient texts refer to the bitterness of gall as a symbol of grief."