quaternion
A number system that extends complex numbers, using three imaginary units i, j, and k.
[C] Countable
pl: quaternions
This term describes a four-dimensional mathematical object used primarily to handle rotations in three-dimensional space. It avoids the gimbal lock problem common with Euler angles, making it the gold standard for aerospace engineering, robotics, and 3D game engines.
While a complex number has one real and one imaginary part, a quaternion consists of one real part and three imaginary parts. It is characterized by non-commutativity, meaning the order in which you multiply two quaternions changes the result, reflecting how the order of rotations in physical space affects the final orientation.
Used to refer to a specific mathematical entity or a set of four elements in a group.