beta particle

This term is a technical designation used primarily in nuclear physics and radiochemistry. It refers specifically to the emission of electrons or positrons, distinguishing it from alpha particles (helium nuclei) and gamma rays (electromagnetic radiation).

In a laboratory or clinical setting, the term is used to describe the mechanism of ionizing radiation. Because beta particles have a smaller mass and charge than alpha particles, they possess greater penetrating power, requiring different shielding materials such as aluminum or plastic rather than just paper or skin.